Johnson's laws and reconstruction plan

Andrew Johnson gave pardon to the Confederates, he restored the state governments, and the white leaders of the governments he restored passed laws that severely restricted African Americans newfound freedoms. And those laws were known as the black codes.

Black men and women had a curfew which states that they can not gather after sunset. They also had vagrancy laws which says that freedmen that are convicted of vagrancy would be fined, whipped, or sold for a years labor.Labor contracts states that freedmen have to sign a contract from January for a year of work, and they couldn't drop in the middle because if they did they would give all the wages they have earned. There were also land restriction,which says that freedmen would be able to rent a land or home only in rural areas. They were sort of forced to live in plantation.

The Congress created the 14Th Amendment which made all citizens of the United States would not be able to enforce or make any law which abridges the privileges (immunities) of citizens of the United States; no State can deprive anyone of life, liberty, or property without its jurisdiction equal protection of the law.
The 15Th Amendment states that it is possible for any black men or women to participate in an election for presidency.

Radical Reconstruction were small in group but increasingly influential. Republican thought of themselves as moderates.
Moderates and Radicals both opposed/disagreed with Johnson's Reconstruction policies. They also opposed the spread of the black codes and favored the spread/expansion of the Republican Party in the South. Though moderates did not really want to grant the African Americans civil rights such as voting rights and equal treatment.

Carpetbaggers are Northern Republicans who moved to the postwar South. This insulting nickname was given by the Southern; it was referred to the cheap suitcase they had made of carpet scraps. They were said to be greedy men who were seeking to grab/take power. Though historians say that they were honest and educated men.

Scalawags: In the postwar South, they thought that to be white and a southerner and a Republican was seen as a traitor. Southerners had a nickname for those white southern Republican. The word scalawags means "scrawny cattle" (Scottish) some of these scalawags were former Whigs who opposed secession.

Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Andrew_Johnson.jpg

After the Civil War

Both the South and North had damages that they had to take care of. The South had many farms burned down and houses ruined. Their life stock and crops were burned and gone. Slaves now looked for jobs and old slave owner weren't able to give them a jobs because they practically ran out of money. Many people in the south were dead (260 million).
The North won the war but lost MANY people (364 million) since the battles happened in the south many men had to transport their food and things they needed such as weapons. Unfortunately this was harder for the northern soldiers and so this is why they have lost more men than the southern. The North did not damage their buildings and industries as much as the South did because as i said before most battles happened in the Southern territories.
Railroads, canals, live stocks, and many things have gone away with the war. It would take a lot of time to rebuild all of that and all the industries and school they have lost.

The war created much more damage than just destroying things. The currency dropped really low. People did not have a lot of many at all, practically none at all. People were looking for jobs, mostly black people who were slaves before and need many to eat and survive.
Since the war was lost for the Southerners, most of them blamed the black people for that. (Not supported fact but an analysis) : they probably were beaten down or insulted and racism was happening more often then it used to because they thought the black were the cause of this war and the lose of all the things they really needed.

After Lincoln's death, Andrew Johnson was the next president because he was the vice president before Abraham Lincoln's death.
Johnson pardoned the south who now joined the union again. He gave permission to each state to hold a constitutional convention, but didn't put the 10 percent allegiance requirement Lincoln was going to put. Johnson was more generous to the south though he reflected the spirit of Lincoln's 10 percent plan. He denied the pardon for the Confederate leaders.

Image source: http://www.health-res.com/EX/08-01-08/civil-war-113.jpg